IMPORTANT THEORIES AND LAWS PIONEERS AND PROPOSERS IN BIOLOGY

IMPORTANT THEORIES AND LAWS PIONEERS AND PROPOSERS IN BIOLOGY

• Allen’s Law –Allen
• Artificial Parthenogenesis –Loeb
• Axial Gradient theory –Child
• Bergman’s Rule -Bergman-
• Biogenetic Law Earnst Haeckel (1868)-
• Biological Species Concept -Earnst MayerBiogenesis Theory -Developed by F. Redi and supported by
• Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance -Sutton and Boveri

 

DISCOVERIES IN BIOLOGY AND  GREAT BIOLOGICAL INVENTIONS

• Amino acid sequence of protein (insulin)
  Sanger
• Anaerobic release of energy
  L-Pasteur (1878)

• Bacteria
  Leeuwenhoek

• Pure culture of Bacteria
  Lister J.

• Bacteriophage
  Towrt and De Herelle (1915)

• Blood Capillaries
  Marcello Malpighi
• Blood Groups
  Karl Landsteiner

• Blood Circulation
  William Harvey

• Bioluminescence
  E.R. Dubois

• Biocatalysts
  Buchner

Cyanophage
Saffermann and Morris

First description of cell (RBC)
Jan Swammerdam (1658)

Cell and Organelles

• Cell
  Robert Hooke (1665)

• Living cell
  A.V. Leeuwenhoek
• Cell Theory
  Schleiden and Schwann

• Centrosome
  Van Benden
• Centriole
  Van Benden
• Chromosomes
  Hofmeister
• Golgi bodies
  Cammileo Golgi
• Plastids
  Haeckel (1866)
• Chioroplast
  Schimper
• Mitochondria
  Kolliker (1880)
• Microtubules
  Robertis and Francis
• Microfilaments
  Paleviz et. al (1975)
• Nucleus
  Robert Brown
• Nucleolus
  Fontana
• Nucleoplasm
  Strasburger
• Ribosomes (Animal cell)
  Palade

• Sphaerosome
  Pernes (1953)
• Astral rays and spindle
  Beevers
• Endoplasmic reticulum
  Porter
• Central Dogma
  F.H.C. Crick (1918)
• Coenzyme A
  C. Lipmann
• Chlorophyll structure
  Willstartter and Fisher
• Cyclosis
  Amid
• Cytochrome
  C.A. Macmunn (1886)
• Citric Acid cycle
  Hans A. Krebs

• Double Helical Structure of DNA
  Watson and Crick

• Biological Synthesis of DNA with template
  A. Kornberg.

• biological synthesis of DNA without template
  H.G.Khorona

• Enzyme
  Buchner
• Embryo culture
  Laiback
• Extra embryonic membranes
  Von Baer
• Fertilization in plants
  E. Strasburger
• Double fertilization
  Nawaschin

• G0 phase
  Lajtha
• Gaseous exchange in blood
  Ludwig (1872)
• Genetic defects in human
  Sir Archibald Garrod
• Giant Salivary gland chromosomes
  Balbiani (1881)
• Hormones
  Beylis and Starling
• Heterothallism
  Blackslee
• Interferon
  Issacs and Linderman
• Insulin use for treatment of diabetics
  Banting
• Mendelism
  G. Mendel
• Rediscoverer of Mendelism
  Correns, Hugo de Vries and Tschmark
• Microtome
  W. His
• Micro-organisms
  Leeuwenhoek
• Mitosis
  W. Flemming
• Meiosis
  Farmer and Moore
• Mutations
  Hugo de Vries

• Nucleic acid
  Meishcher called it ‘Nuclein’
• Ovum (Mammalian)
  Karl E. Von Baer
• Omnis cellula e cellula
  R. Virchow
• Pinocytosis
  Edward and Lewis
• Phagocytosis
  Metchnikoff
• Penicillin
  Alexander Flemming
• Plasmodesmata
  Strasburger
• Photorespiration
  Garner and Allard
• Quantosome
  Park and Bigginis (1960)
• Quiescent centre
  Clowes
• Protoplasm Physical basis of life
  Huxley
• Streptomycin
  Salmon Waksman
• Techniques
• Chromatograph
  M.Tswett
• Tissue culture
  A. Carrel
• Isotopic tracing
  G. Havesy
• Measuring gaseous exchange manometry
  0. Warburg
• Locating DNA in cell
  A. Feulgen
• Ultracentrifugation
  T. Svedberg
• Avena curvature test
  Went
• Teminism (Reverse Transcription)
  Temin
• Synthesis of urea
  Wohler
• Virus
  D. Iwanovsky
• Obtained crystals of virus
  Stanley